高考英语阅读类型分类,高考英语分类阅读

1.天津高考英语阅读表达

2.2009年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A

3.2017年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解B

4.2011年高考英语天津卷 - 阅读理解D

5.高考英语任务型阅读常见词汇

6.2022年高考英语全国乙卷 - 阅读理解C

7.高考英语任务型阅读解题技巧

首先，高中阶段的阅读要求学生储备大量的词汇。词汇量制约着我们的外语 学习，也必然极大地 影响 阅读能力的形成和提高。有相当一部分同学的词汇十分贫乏，由此导致了阅读的困难。

同学们可从以下三个方面进行词汇积累。1．牢记大纲词汇。对大纲规定的词汇，必须牢牢掌握。2．注意“一词多义”。 3．积累“超纲词汇”。可准备一个本子对阅读中遇到的超纲词汇进行摘抄并记忆。

其次，高中阅读要求学生把握英语语法。简单地说，语法就是词语组成句子的排列规律 。理解了这一基本规律，才能理解句子乃至文章的意义。

再次，我们就应进行适当的阅读训练了。结合高考阅读题型进行训练是必要的，下面从三方面来 分析 一下高考阅读题型。

一、高考英语阅读理解题主要考查学生的什么能力

高考英语阅读理解题型的分值要占高考英语总分的40/150，是所有题型中占分比例最大的一道题。国家教委 考试 中心公布的《考试说明》对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力：

1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；

2.了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节；

3.根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义；

4.既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；

5.根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申；6．正确领会作者的观点和态度。

二、高考阅读理解材料的常见类型

1.故事性材料。作者通过描述主人公的思想、语言和行动去叙述一个故事。读这类材料的目的是通过对主人公故事的思索，学习做人的道理。

2.阐述性材料。作者的目的是为读者提供信息或知识。阅读信息性文章的目的是学习作者所阐明的某个道理或事实，以丰富自己对人生和世界的见解。

3.程序性材料。此种材料无观点，又无情节，是一种对某事或某物的说明。如某产品说明书、大赛报名办法 、广告、列车时刻表、招工启事等。阅读此材料可培养学生思考的条理性。

三、高考阅读理解材料的常见设题类型

1.主旨判断题。这类题目考查学生判断、分析、概括文章的主旨和大意的能力。

2． 内容 细节题。这类题目考查学生理解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节的能力。

3．推理判断题。 这类题目考查学生理解上下文之间的逻辑关系并根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申的能力。

4．猜测词（句）义题。 这类题目考查学生依据上下文理解、推断词汇或句子的意思的能力。

现在分析一下解题技巧。很多同学在做阅读理解时，往往只注重过程，不注意方法。实际上，方法比什么都重要。

下面从阅读步骤和阅读题目的干扰项的特点两方面给同学们介绍一些行之有效的基本的解题技巧。

1.做阅读题的一般步骤

第一步，阅读题干 ，即 问题 。 这样做的好处是，在阅读文章之前就能通过题干对文章有一个初步的了解，而且在下一步阅读时可以针对问题找答案，减少了盲目性。

第二步，快读掌握大意，不必纠缠细节。这样做的目的是在第一步的基础上迅速理解文章，这是选出正确答案的前提。

第三步，阅读题目及其选项，寻找相关之处并预选答案。可在文中相应处作些符号。　

第四步，带着问题略读原文，确认答案。答完所有题目后，可以再快读一遍文章，逐一校对各题的答案。

2.阅读理解题的干扰项的特点和对策

阅读理解题中选择题占大部分，其干扰项可分为四种类型。

（1）矛盾型。 即选项与文章 内容 相矛盾，这种选项的干扰性较小，只要同学们仔细阅读，就能将之排除。

（2）无根型。即选项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文章中没有相关的支持信息，没有根据。同学们做此类题时，千万不能把自己的或其他人的观点作为选择的依据。

（3）错位型 。即选项与题目关系不大，选项并没有针对题目来阐述。同学们做此类题时，不仅要判断选项内容是否正确，还应注意选项是否针对题目回答了问题。

（4）偏激型。即干扰项与文章内容相符，而且在文中也可以找到相关的信息支持点；但与原文相比，其涵盖过宽或过窄，犯了“以偏概全”或“白马非马”的错误。

3.同学们在进行训练时还从以下三个方面入手

（1）精读泛读相结合。 我们的教材就是最好的精读材料，需要认认真真地反复地阅读，弄清每个句子的语法关系，理解关键词的含义，为泛读打下比较牢固扎实的基础。泛读就是广泛阅读和浏览外文图书、报刊杂志等。总之，泛读和精读有机结合，有助于提高词汇量，增加英美文化背景知识， 对阅读能力提高大有裨益。

（2）分类阅读，循序渐进。分类阅读就是把文章按体裁分类，如说明文类、记叙文类、 应用 文类、议论文类等；或按内容分类，如人物类、地理类、 历史 类、新闻报道类、广告类、科普类、说明书、风土人情等。掌握文章表达上的一般 规律 及特殊规律，从而大大提高对文章的敏感度。

4.加强“限时阅读”，坚持“持之以恒”

在平时的阅读训练中要规定出完成每篇的时间，而且对每篇的时间要求要逐渐过渡到略高于高考的要求。只有平时加强这种训练，才能使学生在高考考场的紧张气氛中从容应答。对阅读训练，一定要做到持之以恒。篇幅不要很多，但要天天有，天天读，读后思考，决不轻易放过不懂的词、句或段，彻底弄懂，并做读后小结。只要坚持下去，就一定会取得阅读上的长足进步。

天津高考英语阅读表达

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

　导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！

　 阅读理解之主旨大意题

　我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。

　 解题技巧

　 1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。

　主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

　 2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即

　快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：

　(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。

　(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

　(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

　(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。

　 3.关于干扰项和正确答案。

　(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

　(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

　 4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：

　①What's the main idea/point of the passage?

　②The passage is mainly about________.

　③The passage is mainly concerned about________.

　④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

　⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?

　⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.

　⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.

　⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.

　(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：

　①What's the purpose of the passage?

　②The passage is meant to________.

　③The purpose of the article is to________.

　④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.

　⑤The passage tells us that________.

　⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...

　(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：

　①The best title of the passage is________.

　②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

　③The best title for the passage is________.

　④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.

　In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

　 典型例析

　From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop

　pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.

　30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　A.A Wheelchair Experience.

　B.Weakness and Kindness.

　C.Weakness and Strength.

　D.A Driving Experience

　解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。

　 答案：B

　In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable

　products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

　Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

　45.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　A.To introduce a new business model.

　B.To compare two business models.

　C.To predict a change of the global market.

　D.To advocate sustainable development.

　解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进

　行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。

　 答案：D

　Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often

　be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

　30.What is the best title of the passage?

　A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

　B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

　C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting

　D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation

　解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。

　 答案：A

　(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination

　…

　It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.

　30.What is the purpose of the passage?

　A.To tell us an interesting story.

　B.To help us make right decisions.

　C.To advise us to care about children.

　D.To encourage us to use our imagination.

　解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。

　 答案：D

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2009年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A

天津高考英语阅读表达

　阅读表达是高考英语天津卷的一个新题型。要求考生阅读所给的.一篇300词左右的短文，并根据短文后的要求用英语回答问题，完成任务。有五个小题，每小题2分，共计10分。答题时间约为10-15分钟。下面是我给大家准备的天津高考的英语阅读表达题及答案，欢迎大家阅读练习!

　阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

　When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn?t take Cuddles out for a walk?Cuddles takes him for a walk Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.

　When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an anima lover, said he couldn?t hear to part with a dog(which usually lives about eight to ten years)and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.

　Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horse possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25-35 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.

　Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.

　Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets, step over curbs (便道沿儿) and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated (显示) its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.

　56. What?s the meaning of the underlined word ?miniature? in Paragraph 1? (No more than 2 words)

　__________________________________________________________________________________________

　57. Why didn?t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide? (No more than 15 words)

　__________________________________________________________________________________________

　58. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (No more than 10 words)

　__________________________________________________________________________________________

　59. How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (No more than 10 words)

　__________________________________________________________________________________________

　60. In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals? (No more than 20 words)

　__________________________________________________________________________________________

　参考答案

　56. Tiny \Little\small\Very small.

　57. A dog?s life is short and Shaw could not bear to part with it.

　58.The Tiny, horses possess have many good qualities to guide people.

　On the Tiny horses possess\ have many qualities to be ideal guides,

　59. He feels that his future life will he better/easier,

　60. They should be good friends and help each other,

　Or: They should get along as friends and take care of each other.

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2017年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解B

I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three month old calf struggling in the fastrising water, and it was a life and death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear. Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body. Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away.

突然，我听到一头大象发出惊恐的哭声，低头一看，我立刻意识到出了问题，便跑到附近的岸边。马瑞和她三个月大的小象在快速上涨的河水中挣扎，这是一场生死考验。小象在水面上漂浮着，发出恐惧的尖叫声。马瑞尽可能靠近远处的河岸，用全身抵住湍急的水流，让小象紧贴着她巨大的身体，小象随时都会被洪水卷走。

There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother's body and was gone. Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk against the rocky bank. Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.

河水突然上涨，小象从母亲身上冲走。马瑞迅速转身抓住了他，用她的头和象鼻护着小象顶住石岸。然后费了好大的劲把小象拖上象鼻，尽力放在一块狭窄的岩石上。

Just at this moment,she fell back into the river. If she were carried down, it would be certain death. I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot where she could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf.

就在这时，她掉进了河里。如果她被吞没，必死无疑。我和她都知道，只有一个地点可以上岸，但那在她刚才放小象的地方的对面。

While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mother's love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring all the time, but to her calf it was music.

正当我犹豫接下来应该做些什么的时候，我听到一种母爱的声音。马瑞穿过了河流爬到了岸上，正在以最快的速度返回，一路吼叫着，这对小象来说，就是一首音乐。

2011年高考英语天津卷 - 阅读理解D

I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in LocustValley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.

我在“野生动物志愿者”组织工作，这是蝗虫谷贝利植物园的一个援救教育组织，帮助受伤、流离失所或生病的动物。这样的工作可能会令人心碎；因为无法确定动物是否能活下来。然而，当救援起作用时，这种感觉真的很棒！

I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

我接到马特顿镇一位女士的求救电话，她在地上发现了一只猫头鹰幼鸟。当我到达时，我看见了一只两三周大的猫头鹰。为了安全起见，它已经被放在一辆大货车上。

I examined the chick and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.

我检查了这只幼鸟，看起来还不错。如果我能找到鸟巢，我也许能把它放回去，但没那么幸运。接下来的工作就是建造一只鸟巢，并固定在一棵树上。

The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.

房主非常乐于助人，给我找来了一只铁丝篮。为了让鸟巢安全舒适，我把一些松枝放进铁丝篮里，然后我把小猫头鹰放进鸟巢里，它很快安静了下来。

Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

现在最需要的是这只小猫头鹰的父母，但它们不在。我给了房主一份小猫头鹰饥饿尖叫声的录音。这些录音会让猫头鹰父母知道小猫头鹰的存在，也会鼓励小猫头鹰学着尖叫。我把尽可能多的消息告诉了房主，然后回家，看看晚上会有什么情况。

A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

这的确是一个紧张的夜晚，但有时大自然的神灵会眷顾我们！房主打电话说小猫头鹰的父母已经对这些录音做出了回应。我开车过去，鸟巢里的小猫头鹰看起来健康又活泼。鸟巢里出现了最令人感动的一幕——小猫头鹰的身边全是午餐！它的父母已经在尽职尽责，而且很可能会继续这样做。

高考英语任务型阅读常见词汇

Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strenghth. Imitation is unacceptable.

盲目模仿是自我毁灭。对于那些不明白自己独特价值的人来说，模仿似乎很有吸引力；对于那些清楚自己实力的人来说，模仿不可接受。

In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else's way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.

在技能或性格发展的早期阶段，模仿是有用的。当我第一次学做菜时，我用菜谱做出了一些美味佳肴。但很快我就厌倦了，既然我可以自己做，为什么还要效仿别人的烹饪方式呢？模仿榜样就像在儿童车上使用训练轮帮助你前进，但一旦你掌握了平衡，你就可以飞得更快更远，而不依赖它们。

In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.

在日常生活中，如果我们下意识树立了糟糕的榜样，模仿就会伤害我们。如果你小时候观察过那些过得不好的人，你可能会像平常一样接受他们的恐惧和痛苦，并继续追随他们的所作所为。如果你不为自己做出强有力的选择，你将接收他人软弱选择的结果。

In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.

在领域，我们的文化赞美名人。这些明星在屏幕上看起来很棒。但离开屏幕时，个人生活可能会是灾难性的。如果你要追随某人，请关注他们的天赋，而不是他们的坏性格或不可接受的行为。

Blessed is the person willing to act on their sundden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.

那些能将他们的突发奇想付诸行动,从而创造出独一无二产品的人，是值得祝福的。想想那些对你影响最深的**、书籍、老师和朋友吧，他们感动了你，因为他们的创作源于灵感而不是绝望。世界的改变不是因为那些重复前人的人，而是因为那些可以实现心中梦想的人。有创造力的人有无尽的想法。创造者面临的问题不是材料枯竭；而是如何利用这些材料敲开想象之门。

Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given and leave behind what does not serve you.

Then you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and stories, and know that they are cheering me on."

学习你的榜样，接受他们给你的礼物，抛弃不适合的。然后你可以讲述“我站在祖先肩膀上“的悲剧和经历，并知道他们为什么欢呼。

2022年高考英语全国乙卷 - 阅读理解C

原因和结果：reason (for) , result; cause (of) , effect; consequence

异同点与优缺点：difference , similarity； advantage/benefit , disadvantage

功能：function

观点与态度：opinion , view (on/about) , viewpoint , idea ；attitude to/towards

评论、评价：comment (on) , remark (on/upon) , assessment

表方式、方法：means , way , method (of) ; solution , approach ( to doing sth. ); take measures to do sth.

目的：purpose , aim , goal 积极和消极：positive ,negative; optimistic

建议： advice [u] , suggestion , tip 概括、总结: summary , conclusion

特点： feature , characteristic 种类：kind , type , category , class

精神上与身体上：mentally ，physically 影响 : influence , impact , effect (on )

情形 ，状况 : situation，condition 建立：build , create , establish , found

出现：appear ,occur(red) 实现，完成：reach , realize , accomplish

必要，必需 : must /necessity 方面，项目条款：item / aspect

材料 : materials 知识消息：knowledge / information

日程计划 : schedule / agenda 百分比：percentage

性别 :sex 年龄 : age

满意 :satisfaction 忧虑，担忧，焦急 : concern

(不)熟悉 :familiar /unfamiliar 个人，个人的: individual

细节 :description , detail 文化 : culture

责任 : (take) responsibility 贡献 : (make) contributions to

重要 : value importance significance 比较 : contrast comparison

时期 : period / time 存在 : existence exist

花费 : cost / expense 人口 : population

天气与气候 : weather[u] / climate [c] 位置 : location

主题 : theme 背景 : setting，background

情节 : plot 高潮 : climax

结尾 :ending 反对者与支持者：supporter , opponent

转换类常用句型：

1.100 years = 1 century = 10 decades

2. take advantage of = make use of

3. parental attention = with the help / aid / assistance of parents

4. oppose the move = be against the move = object to = disagree with

5. consider … = take … into consideration / account

6. at the beginning = at first

7. be responsible for = take / shoulder / bear responsibility for

8. since the beginning of human evolution = throughout human history

9. Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities. = Americans have been migrating south and west for decades, seeking a better job. / searching /looking for a better job.

10. housing-related reasons = reasons related / linked/relevant to / connected with housing

11. take an active part in = take part in sth. actively

12. encourage participation in quiet activities = encourage children to participate in / take part in/ play a role in quite activities

13. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones

14.valuable information = information of great value

15.understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth.

16.affect = have an effect / influence / impact on sth.

17.matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference

18. kills sb. = sth. costs sb. sth. = claim one’s life

19. make an apology = apologize to sb.

20.be over = end = put …to an end

21.despite = in spite of

22. share less than 2% = account for less than 2%= make up

23.online = on the Internet

24.learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens

25.list the things that you are good at = list what / all you are good at

26.explain sth. = make an explanation

27.offer sth. to sb. = provide / supply sth. for sb.

28.besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from

29. be better than = be superior to

30. approve of = subscribe to = be in favor / support of = favor sth.

31.have access to = be acceptable / accessible / available to

32.stop = quit = give up

33.compensate for = make up for

34.in part = partly

35.every year = yearly = annually

36.use up = run out of (主动)

37.run out = give out = be used up (被动)

38.be accused of = be charged with

39.most of the people = the majority of the people

40.cater to /for one’s needs / demands /requirements = satisfy / meet one’s ….

41.starve to death = die of hunger/ starvation

42.be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted = be weary

43.socially responsible = social responsibility

44.sth. benefit sb. = be beneficial to sb. = be of benefit to = sb. benefit from sth .

45.commit oneself to doing sth. = promise to do sth.

46.make full use of = make the most of

大概符合你的意思吧，给分哦！！

高考英语任务型阅读解题技巧

Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

一小群无人机可以保证铁路的安全和可靠性，同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元吗？这就是应用当今“空中之眼”技术确保全世界数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全的未来。

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.

无人机已经被用来检查高压电线。它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和变轨点的正确位置。越是定期检查，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准时性就越高。全面削减成本，提高运营效率。

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.

这可以节省大量维护成本，更好地保护铁路人员安全。据计算，仅欧洲铁路维护每年就要花费约200亿欧元，包括派遣维护人员（通常在夜间）检查和维修铁路基础设施。这是件危险的工作，无人机协助工作人员则可以避免。

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

通过使用最新技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在铁路或道岔出现任何安全问题之前检测出故障。为了执行这些任务，铁路无人机不需要在头顶飞行。工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的轨道无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上移动，编制好程序自动运行。配备先进传感器和人工智能的微型无人机可以像副驾驶一样引导列车前行。凭借它们的前瞻能力，它们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的列车能够及时做出反应。

对阅读理解能力的测试是英语考试中必不可少的测试项目，主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过材料的阅读，对材料中信息的捕获能力。此项能力的测试，考生要做到以下几方面要求：

1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节。

2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。

3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。

4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题；又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题。

根据以上要求，通过对近年来高考英语试题的研究分析，我们就不难总结出阅读理解题的命题规律及题型结构，一般来说，阅读理解题型设计，大致可以分为以下几种题型：

A.事实询问题；B.推理判断题；

C.数据推算题；D.识图解意题；

E.主旨大意题；F.常识题。

那么，根据以上六种题型的设计，如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？我认为可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤：

首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。

其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

下面，根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出几点解题建议：

事实询问题

此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。

做好这类题的要领是：1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。

推理判断题

既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问：

What can you conclude from this passage？

What's the auther's attitude towards...？

We can infer from the passage that…….

Which statement is(not) true？

这就要求考生首先在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。

其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。

数据推算题

此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：

1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。

2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。

3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。

识图解意题

此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。在做此类题时，要求学生一定要：

1.把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证。

2.若是地图，则要做到方位明确。

3.要正确理解文中方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。

主旨大意题

此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。一类题型为主题问题。如： What is the main idea of this passage？

What does the passage maily talk about？

What does the writer want to tell us？

另一类为标题问题。

如：Which tittle is the best tittle of this article？

寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence”，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。

经验常识题

此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往与文章没有直接关系，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。