1.高三英语定语从句知识点总结

定语从句高考真题解析,2013高考定语从句

第一种类型:考查which引导的非限制性定语从句

which指代整个主句的内容,它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面,它的意思是“这(那)件事……”,在这些从句中which作主语或宾语。如:

1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)

A. which B. that C. this D. it

解析:which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案为A。

第二种类型:考查as引导的非限制性定语从句

as也可指代整个主句的内容,但不同于which的是,它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面,也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”,在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。如:

1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)

A. When B. After C. As D. Since

解析:引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前,用as引导。答案为C。

第三种类型:考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)。在这种结构中,介词的选择非常关键,可以遵循以下四个原则:(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词,其动词与介词搭配,构成动词短语。(2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词,其形容词与介词搭配,构成形容词短语。(3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词,其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词,它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时,可分别用when, where, why替换。(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子,先行词完全一样,定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的,这时,要根据句子所要表达的意思,选用不同的介词。如:

1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge. (山东卷)

A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this

2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained. (江西卷)

A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which

解析:第1题选C,after which 指“在此之后”;第2题选D,考查的对应搭配是be trained for the jobs。

第四种类型:考查由where, when, why引导的定语从句

关系副词where, when, why引导定语从句时,它们分别在从句中充当地点时间、原因状语。如:

1.—Is that the small town you often refer to?

—Right, just the one _________ you know I used to work for years. (福建卷)

A. that B. which C. where D. what

解析:选where,表示“……的地方”,引导定语从句,表示地点。

高三英语定语从句知识点总结

《高中英语语法-定语从句的种类和用法》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

定语从句的种类和用法

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句

代替人 代替物代替人或物

主语 Who which that

主语 Whomwhich that

宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)

例1:This is the detective who came from London.

例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

2.关系代词的用法

(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如:

All the people that are present burst into tears.

(2)如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which,who,或whom.例如:

(3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

There are about seven million people taking part in the election,most of whom、are well educated.

(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:

He succeeded in the competition,which made his parents very happy.

(5)that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。

(6)which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征。品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。

(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who.

(8)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that.例如:

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

(9)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用which.例如:

Is there anyone here who will go with you?

3.?介词+关系代词?是一个普遍使用的结构

(1)?介词+关系代词?可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。?介词+关系代词?结构中的介词可以是 in,on,about,from,for,with,to at,of,without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用that .

(2)from where为?介词+关系副词?结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:

We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town?

(3)像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。

2. that可引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词 when,where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词。关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。

2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语。宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

3.先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:

1)This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about?

2)He was the only person in this country who was invited

四、As在定语从句中的用法

1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)as多与such 或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

(2)as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which.例如:

The elephant's nose is like a snake,as anybody can see.

(3)the same? that与 the same ?as在意思上是不同的。

2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面。中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:

(1)As is expected,the England team won the football match.

(2)The earth runs around the sun,as is known by everyone. 《高中英语语法-定语从句的种类和用法》由liuxue86.com我整理

  定语从句

 1.由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容,这样的从句就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

 2.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的`先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分。

 关系词的分类和基本用法

 表一

 分类指代引导词

 关系代词人who, whom, that, as

 事物which, that, as

 人或物(表所属关系)Whose

 关系副词地点Where

 时间When

 原因Why

 表二

 关系代词指代例句解释

 who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定从中作主语

 whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语,可省略

 whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定从中作定语

 thatIm not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作表语

 asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作宾语

 that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定从中作宾语

 whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语

 whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定从中作定语

 asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语

 整句内容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定从中作主语

 表三

 关系副词指代例句解释

 when时间Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定从中作状语

 where地点The house where they live is not very large.在定从中作状语

 why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定从中作状语