高考英语填空形式_高考英语填空形式有哪些
您好,对于你的遇到的问题,我很高兴能为你提供帮助,
1猜题思路分析
从近三年来全国及各省高考英语试卷“完形填空”试题的命制,基本上遵循了“突出语篇,强调应用,注重实际”的设计思路。试题特点鲜明———-“考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况”,即要求考生通读短文,掌握文章大意,综合运用所学的词汇、语法等知识,从试题所提供的词汇、短语中判断出使短文意思通顺、结构完整的词汇或短语,在语篇中考查学生的语言知识灵活运用能力。完形的选材通常是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章,内容情节深刻,常涉及人物心理活动方面的细致描写,篇章与句子结构变化丰富,文章内容健康、时尚,将知识、文化、教育、趣味融为一体,即:时代感突出,生活化明显,寓教于乐。以后完形填空将会继续朝着语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展。
2完形填空的命题特点
完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型,它要求学生掌握词汇知识,习惯用语,语法知识,句法结构,而且要有一定的语篇领悟能力,逻辑思维能力和语言感悟能力,是综合了现行的单选和阅读的考查,特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用。
1
完形填空所考查的能力:
词汇(词的基本用法、词的搭配和习惯用语、同义词/近义词/形似词的区分)语法(句型结构分析)
阅读理解能力(快速阅读、找中心句和理顺文章结构)
推理、分析、判断、归纳概括能力
背景知识和生活常识
2
完形填空的命题特点
1.高考完形填空试题材料的词汇量比以前有所增加,文章的难度也相应增大,考查由局部理解向整体理解转移,增加了语篇理解的试题,设问角度突出考查对上下文乃至全篇的理解。
2.试题考查点减少了单句层次的试题,淡化语法,而被情景选择所取代。
3.文章体裁仍以记叙文或夹叙夹议为主,选材体现时代性、思想健康。在布空方面以实词为主,其中以动词、名词、形容词、副词为核心,另外,选项具有有效性和干扰性,充分体现语言知识灵活运用的特征。
4.对民族文化和语言背景知识的考查加大。
3完形填空解题步骤
总则:在把握整篇文章的基础上对句子内部的情况进行分析。
1.必读首尾句,预测主题,判断文体
完形填空短文无标题,首句不设空,所以要必读首句。另外,学生还要认真读第二段的首句,第一段的尾句及整篇文章的尾句(文章的主题句有时在第二自然段的句首,有时在第一自然段的句尾或整篇文章的句尾)。
记叙文:首句交待4个W(when, where, who , what);
说明文:首句提出/解释说明某事物;
议论文:首句提出一个论点;
2.跳读全文,领会大意
借助首尾句提示,跳过空格,快速把短文从头至尾读一遍,进一步从整体上理解短文大意。
3.通读全文,试选答案
抓住上下文内容联系和逻辑关系,把所给4个选项分别放入空格所在句子中试填,弄清空格处待填的是什么词,起何作用,同时注意习惯表达及语法知识。
4.细读全文,推敲难题
根据常识,运用逻辑推理,结合语境和已选答案提供的信息,对难的备选项仔细推敲。
如实在难以确定,采用“排除法”,首先排除在语法/内容上明显不符合要求的答案,再对剩下的选项比较。
5.复读全文,调整答案
把所填的答案代入空格,检查所选答案是否能使文章上下连贯,前后照应,逻辑合理(对于模棱两可的答案,最好尊重第一印象,不改动为好;实在不能解决的空格,只能凭语感来选择)。
4完形填空解题方法及备考策略
一. 词汇知识的运用(各类词的用法及搭配、词语辨析)
1.动词
1)动词的结构功能(vi./vt./linkv., 接什么样的宾语,能否接复合宾语,接什么样的复合宾语)
eg (1). But by using literary texts alongside other texts, teachers can 42 students improve their reading skills.
A. force B. help C. get D. wish
析:选B。只有help 可接help sb.do sth.
2)分析上下文情景,注意词汇与话题的同现
结构是为意思服务的,在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的,所以要分析上下文情景。
(2)(Father)“Kate and John, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be with him. Will you go up to your own room?”We ,went to our room and closed the door.
A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied
析:C上文父亲吩咐她们上楼到自己的房间去,她们去了,说明按父亲的吩咐做了,所以选C。
2.代词(不定代词/指示代词; 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词/疑问代词/关系代词/相互代词等)
1.不定代词(some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, one, none, something, anything, nothing ; all, every, each, other, either, neither, both, half, everybody, everyone, everything ; many, much, few, little, a few等)
2.指示代词(that, this, these, those, such ,same, so one 代[C] 泛指,指非限定的一个;可代人/物
that 代[C] 特指;不可代人;代[U]
this 近指,后指 that 远指,前指
(3) is the sports programme. 开始体育节目。
(4) is the end of the news. 新闻到此结束。
Keys: (3)This 4)That
3.名词/形容词/副词/介词(依上下文语义/语境要求,搭配,话题来选)
4.同义词/近义词/形似词
1)词的搭配能力(rise/raise, hope/wish)
如:demand (of sb.) to do sth. pick one’s pocket request/require sb. to do sth. rob sb. of sth. steal sth. from sb.
2)单词的适用范围/场合
如:voice/sound/noise; defend/protect/guard ,ask/beg,kill/murder等
3)单词的感情色彩
如:die 中性词,pass away 表示对死者的尊敬
4)过程与结果的不同
look for/search 重过程 find/discover 重结果
5)区分结构类似而意思不同的表达法
如:be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used do sth.
take place/take one’s place/take the place of can’t help do sth./can’t help doing sth./can’t help but do sth.
6)注意有意识与无意识
如:notice:表无意识行为,observe/watch/see 表有意识行为
5词语的搭配
1)动词的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力较强,要常记,记牢,记熟)
do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.)
make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, one’s way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.)
2)名词的搭配
形容词与名词的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景,学生要注意“貌合神离”的词语。如:
lucky dog 幸运儿 right hand得力助手narrow escape死里逃生 dark horse出人意料的获胜者
3)形容词的搭配
有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰,表示强调,使表达更加生动。常见的有:pitch dark(漆黑的), brand new (崭新的),crystal clear(水晶般的) ,wide open(张得大大的), fast asleep(睡得很熟的), wide awake(完全醒着的), icy cold(冰冷的), etc.
有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配,学生应注意比较、归纳。如:
sick for 渴望 tired from因 而疲劳 engaged in 忙于
sick of 厌倦 tired of 对 厌倦 engaged to 与某人订婚
篇章技巧的运用
一个完整的语篇,一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法,更多的是篇章结构技巧。作者借助于篇章技巧成文,学生在复现作者的语言时同样可以借助篇章技巧。
1.复现
“词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词(总分关系)以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说,词汇的复现包括:原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现(其中一种表达是对另一种的解释)。具体指某一词以原词,指代词,同义词,反义词、同源词、概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后,并起到了衔接全文的作用。
(5)First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to six windows.
A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean
析:D同源词复现,由window-cleaner可知为clean the window.
2. 同现
同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇,一个话题,要求有与之相连的词汇(篇章中的词汇链)。
1) 名词同现:与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如:
school---primary school—middle school—college—university
students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
2) 动词同现:与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如:
school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed
3)形容词同现
就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如:在学校这个语境中:(key)school—(optional)course—(compulsory)course
4) 结构同现
结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如:
some…,others; on one hand…,on the other hand; former…,latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…; (6)I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new __44__, dressed neatly.
A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion
析:A名词同现,从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。
(7)We were __42____ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, …42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure
析:A结构同现,be about to do …when…
3.逻辑关系
一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的,文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑,学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解,找到适当的逻辑关系,然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词:
1.递进
in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still
2.比较
in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as
3.对照
in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while
4.因果
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus
5.强调
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially in particular, absolutely,
6.让步
although, though, after all, in spite of
7.举例
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
8. 时间和空间
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
9. 总结
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary
非常感谢您的耐心观看,如有帮助请采纳,祝生活愉快!谢谢!
(4)on
(5) with? on?
10. given
11. went?
12. careless careful
13. natural? nature
14. powerful
15. ignorance
16.hidden
18. ingnorance
19. dusty
20.disagreed? start .
21.exact
22.had traveled
had made
has appeared
二。
to
from
on
from
with
to
at
for
of
祝学习进步,天天快乐!
声明:本站所有文章资源内容,如无特殊说明或标注,均为采集网络资源。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系本站删除。