2014高考试卷全国卷1_2014高考考题
1.2014高考成绩为什么好多人的语文一卷是0分
2.2014年高考作文真题预测:攀登珠峰的人
3.2014年高考英语试题及答案解析(新课标Ⅱ)
4.2014福建高考数学试题难吗
2014年全国高考于6月7日-9日举行。搜狐高考站在考后第一时间发布2014年各地高考试题答案、高考作文题目,敬请关注相关专题。
围绕2014年高考话题的热点讨论在持续进行,其中最引人关注的当属今年高考作文。从全国范围来看,高考作文题目接近生活、考验考生逻辑思维和思辨能力。搜狐教育携手多位名家对各地作文题目进行热辣点评,从命题水平、应试技巧、语言功底等各个方面各抒己见。
2014年高考全国新课标Ⅰ卷作文题:学校开运动会,最后一项是“山羊过独木桥”,规则是学生从独木桥两边同时上桥,在桥中间时两人相遇会有一个人下桥一个人通过,但在这个项目的预赛时,有一对同学在桥中间抱住转身,双双通过,裁判认为这样做有争议。根据此材料作文。
2014年高考全国新课标Ⅰ卷的作文题采用事实型材料,取自学生比较熟悉的体育运动,制造了一个"狭路相逢勇者胜"的极端场面,把学生投入矛盾当中刺激他们思考这一问题。在审题上没有过多障碍,梳理材料可以看到,可供选择的话题也比较多,不同思维类型的学生可以有不同的切入角度。而在正面论述里也可以进行逆向思维。当然,这个主题和我们的时代息息相关,考生要写出独特的观点,必须在平时对当前社会存在的现象和问题有自己深入的思考和关注,积累一定的素材,只有这样才能脱颖而出。
这个题目首先要注意"有争议",从这里可以有不同的思考。比如对于竞技比赛来说,必须分出胜负,则两位选手的行为明显违反了规则;但是从另一个角度看,生活中恰恰需要这种配合与和谐。那么由此引申,比赛有比赛的规则,生活有生活的准则。这是一个初步的分析。
这里的第一个关键词是"规则","山羊过独木桥"是一项竞技比赛,就是双方需要通过竞赛淘汰其中一位,产生一位优胜者——这就是比赛的"规则"。规则的制定必然是根据一定的目的和需要,为了保证公平和正义而制定的,因而它具有约束性。材料中的两位选手违反了这一规则,因而裁判认为有争议。这里就体现了坚守规则的原则性,一项规则的作用必须通过其有效执行体现出来。
从另一个角度来看,规则还具有局限性。这项体育竞赛的规则不能适用于另一项,竞技规则又不能适用于其他领域,它的效力有一个边界。这又是本题的一个关键点,这两位学生的做法本身包含了一种停止竞争,合作共赢的精神——这是值得肯定和赞赏的地方。比如在现在的社会交往中就提倡和谐、合作和双赢,这几乎成为普世价值。但是我们必须区分领域,如果在竞技体育中采取"不争",反而违背了体育精神,失去了比赛本身的意义。反过来,如果我们在日常生活中明明该讲合作、讲妥协的地方却使用竞技规则,把我们的生活"竞赛化",那么同样会出问题。
我们的传统文化对此有大智慧,儒家强调和为贵,讲究彬彬有礼,给人恬退隐忍的感觉。但那里面并非完全没有"争"。《论语》当中有两段话值得玩味:子曰:"君子无所争。必也射乎!揖让而升,下而饮。其争也君子";子曰:"射不主皮,为力不同科,古之道也。"孔子认为,君子一般情况下是不参与竞争的,但是在特殊的射礼中,大家必须要决出胜负,这是礼即规则包含的内容。但另一方面,这种竞争又不是剑拔弩张,你死我活,而是有温情的东西在里面,使人们在竞争的同时又不至于伤和气。这种将竞技和人情同时包含在内的规则精神实在高明,值得我们反思。在相当长一段时间内,我们习惯于把生活过成"走独木桥":有的鼓吹适者生存的社会达尔文主义,有的则利用人性中趋利的特性把人的活动数字化,以提高管理效率和竞争水平,有的则利用资源紧张的客观条件推行淘汰制。老实说,这些举措并不是完全不合理的,有时候可能还是必须的。但是,当竞争、淘汰成为我们生活唯一的主题词时,就值得反思了。这也是这道题中我们可以挖掘的一个重要的主题。
有人认为,这道题希望学生处理的是效益和道德之间的两难或者矛盾,这是有一定道理的。因为当下我们的社会确实普遍存在这一问题,引发民众普遍关切的食品安全问题、空气污染问题以及教育问题都或多或少可以追溯到这一对矛盾。但是,这里又不是简单地对此进行思辨,它还要求学生在规则的框架下,全面分析这一问题并积极思考其解决途径。比如上述《论语》当中的两段话可以说是一种解决的策略和设想。那么在现代社会,如何在法制建设方面下功夫,为各个领域的竞争制定合理有效的规则,使竞争最大限度地发挥其积极作用,而不是破坏作用,使竞争不至于"失范"。
值得一提的是,2014年高考作文中不少省区都关注了这一主题,比如新课标Ⅱ卷的"禁止喂食野生动物"也在某种程度上涉及了规则和人情之间的关系,喂食动物是人类的一种善意,但是这种善意却最终导致不良后果,规则的制定看似违背人情,但恰恰包含了最大的理性。又如北京卷的"老规矩",虽然关键在于文化传承与现代化这一关系上,但是在传统中找到"规矩"而不是其他,表明也有意在规则上作文章,它引导考生思考是否有约束就一定是不自由、不幸福的。再如网上热议的安徽卷"编剧与演员的对话",其实提炼材料的中心,也是在探讨习惯规则与创新发展之间的辩证关系。这些都说明,我们所处的既是一个需要不断改革创新,突破陈旧思维的时代,同时也需要种种规范和约束来引导我们发展。
总之,无论是竞争也好,合作也好;守护规则也好,打破规则也好,目的是一致的。都是为了最大程度发挥创新的活力,开创一个繁荣和谐的新局面。
最后,我想起了宋人卢梅坡的两首诗:
其一
梅雪争春未肯降,
骚人搁笔费评章。
梅须逊雪三分白,
雪却输梅一段香。
其二
有梅无雪不精神,
有雪无诗俗了人。
日暮诗成天又雪,
与梅并作十分春。
各位是否能从中悟到些什么?
2014高考成绩为什么好多人的语文一卷是0分
2014年全国各地高考作文新鲜出炉《高考试题猜读》命题研究专家组 新课标全国一卷:两人过独木桥 学校开运动会,最后一个项目是“山羊过独木桥”,规则是学生从独木桥两边同时上桥,在桥中间时两人相遇会有一个人下桥一个人通过,但在这个项目的预赛时,有一对同学在桥中间抱住转身,双双通过,裁判认为这样做有争议。根据此材料写作文。 新课标全国二卷:喂食动物失觅食能力 2014年高考作文题是给了一份材料,材料的内容和动物有关,大体上是动物有野性,喂养野生动物会让动物失去觅食能力,请根据此材料写一作文,800字,自拟题目。 北京卷:老规矩 北京过去有许多老规矩,如出门回家都要跟长辈打招呼、吃菜不许满盘子乱挑、不许管闲事、笑不露齿话不高声、站有站相坐有坐相、作客时不许随便动主人家的东西、忠厚传世勤俭持家等,这些从小就被要求遵守的准则,点点滴滴,影响了一辈辈北京人。 世易时移,这些老规矩渐渐被人们淡忘了。不久前,有网友陆续把一些老规矩重新整理出来贴到网上,引发了一片热议。 老规矩被重新提起并受到关注,这种现象引发了你哪些思考?请自选角度,自拟题目写一篇文章,文体不限,不少于700字。 上海卷:穿越沙漠和自由 根据以下材料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章(不要写成诗歌) 你可以选择穿越沙漠的道路和方式,所以你是自由的;你必须穿越这片沙漠,所以你又是不自由的。 四川卷:人只有站起后世界才属于他 阅读下面的文字,根据要求作文。 人,只有在自己站起来之后,这个世界才能属于他。 这句话引发了你那些思考?请自选角度写一篇不少于800字的文章 1、标题自定,文体自选;2、不得抄袭,不得套作;3、用规范汉字书写。 江苏卷:什么是不朽 材料大致如下:有人说,没有什么是不朽的,只有青春是不朽的;也有人说,年轻人不相信有朝一日会老去。这种想法是天真的,我们自欺欺人地认为会有像自然一样不朽的信念。阅读材料,自选角度,题目自拟,体裁不限,诗歌除外,写一篇不少于800字的文章。 福建卷: 提到空谷,有人想到的是悬崖,有人想到的是栈道桥梁。”根据这句话,写一篇话题作文,不少于800字。 湖南卷: 有一个很穷的地方,很多人干了两年都走了,但是有一个人却干了几年,带大家把村子变成了最美乡村。请以此写一篇议论文或者记叙文,题目不限。 辽宁卷:科技改变生活 材料:祖孙两人坐在山上看风景。孙子说霓虹灯很美,让城市变得五彩缤纷;爷爷说当初没有霓虹灯的时候,能看见满天繁星,更美。自拟题目 广东卷:胶片与数码时代 黑白胶片的时代,照片很少,只记录下人生的几个瞬间,在家人一次次的翻看中,它能唤起许多永不褪色的记忆。但照片渐渐泛黄,日益模糊。数码科技的时代,照片很多,记录着日常生活的点点滴滴,可以随时上传到网络与人分享。它从不泛黄,永不模糊,但在快速浏览与频繁更新中,值得珍惜的“点滴”也可能被稀释。 要求: 1、自选角度,确定立意,自拟标题,文体不限。 2、不要脱离材料内容及含义的范围。 3、不少于800字。 4、不得套作,不得抄袭 山东卷:开窗看问题 窗口下一个画框,通过它可以看到不同的画面,有的人看的雅,有的人看到的是俗。有的人看到的是静,有的人看到的是闹。自拟题目 江西卷:课内外学习探究 有些人在学习中认为探究是一种乐趣,有些人认为探究是一种重要的学习形式,还有一些人认为探究流于形式,请结合你的学习和生活经历,谈谈你对探究的理解。不少于700字。 安徽卷:剧本修改谁说了算! “艺术家说,演员可以修改剧本,导演说,演员不能修改剧本。”要求考生根据这段材料自选角度,谈谈对这段话得理解和看法,800字以内。 重庆卷:租房 一个游客前往租赁一个房东的房子,在没有签订合同签将房东的一个玻璃杯打碎了,他打电话给房东道歉,准备赔偿,房东前来签订合同时就询问,游客说,我已经将玻璃碎片收集好了,房东让游客交给了自己,同时说,不会把房子租给他了。自拟题目写文,题材不限,不少800字。 湖北卷:山顶的风景 一群人上山游玩,在山下的时候,碰到山上旅行团下来,问山上风景,有人说好,有人说不好。走到半山,又遇到一群下来的游客,有人说风景好,有人说不好。最后他们上到山顶,只见云海茫茫,他们有的人觉得风景好,有的觉得不好。以此为话题,写一篇不少于800字的文章。 天津卷: 广西卷:老王生病 作文材料:老王生病,医院全心全力治疗,老板帮忙支付医药费,老王痊愈后回工地赶工,又提出向医院兼职做陪检员以支付剩余医药费,因为感同身受他能更好地照顾病人。根据材料作文。 浙江卷:门与路 门与路永远相连,门是路的终点,也是路的起点,它可以挡住你的脚步,也可以让你走向世界。大学的门,一边连接已知,一边通向未知。学习、探索、创造是它的通行证。大学的路,从过去到未来,无数脚印在此交集,有的很浅,有的很深。根据材料,写一篇不少于800字的作文。
2014年高考作文真题预测:攀登珠峰的人
纵观2014年的高考课标一试卷,在命题形式上继续沿承了以往的命题顺序和结构模式,即现代文阅读,文言文阅读,诗词鉴赏,名句默写,小说阅读,传记阅读,语言文字应用,作文等,分值上继续保持了150分的总分值。在稳定形式的基础上做了适度调整,重在考查学生的语文基本功和基本应试能力。
全卷分第Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷,六道大题,18道小题,总分150分,题型和分值分配和2013年保持一致,呈现出平稳的态势,在此基础上做出适当调整。
一、2014年高考语文课标一卷的基本特征。
现代文阅读。现代文阅读的第一题以往是以考查概念为主,2014年变成了“下列各项中,其性质不属于原文所论悲剧的一项是”,是在暗含着考查概念,呈现出理论在文内,选项在文外的特征,有效地让试卷向学生的思维和平时知识积累延伸。
文言文阅读。文言文选取《旧唐书?于休烈传》,文章在字词上基本不存在难度,第四题由以往的单个实词变成了“双词语”其所考查的四个词中“属文”和“践祚”相对简单,“励精”和“荡覆”还是有点难度;第五题由以往的考查人物性格特征变成了文言断句,文言断句对课标一卷的省份而言,属于陌生题型,目的在于告诉广大师生要全面备考。
诗歌鉴赏题。诗歌鉴赏选取了一首“闺怨诗”,在理解诗歌内容上应该比较简单,从题型来看,第八题问道“词上半阕的景物描写对全词的感情抒发起了什么作用?请结合内容分析。”是典型的篇章结构题,第九题“末尾两句表现了词中人物什么样的情绪?是如何表现的?请简要阐述。”是一道考查情感和手法的综合题,就手法而言,实质上考了一个动作描写,难度不大。
名篇名句默写。这道题在2014年试卷中变化较大,侧重了考生对诗词内容的理解,题目给出语境,要求考生结合平日对诗词的理解来填充语句,难度增大。所考查的“长太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艰”,“黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲度愁攀援”,“感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心”应该说在书写上难度不大,但要结合语境联想到,还是很困难的。
小说阅读。小说阅读选择了30年代的革命文学作家叶紫的一篇《古渡头》,侧重考查人物形象,写作技巧和结尾技巧三个方面,难度不大。
传记阅读。传记选择科学家波尔作为命题素材,主要考查了归纳概括、性格品质分析等题型,难度不大。
语言文字应用。成语题由以往的辨析正误改为选词填空,所考查的当仁不让、责无旁贷和义不容辞难度不大,可以说从2009年倒2014年间,这是最简单的一道成语题。辨析病句题,语言连贯题,填充句子题和以往的考查相同,难度不大。十七题是一道图文转化题,要求考生将一个框架图变为一段文字,解题的关键在于要读懂图意,这道题的创新性较强。
作文题。2014年高考语文课标卷一的作文依然采用了材料作文的命题形式,就审题来看,一句“事后,相关的思考还在继续。”展现了这道作文题目具有多向思维,只要不脱离原材料均可视作切题作文。总体上有以下特点。(1)暗含时政,巧妙构思。“山羊过独木桥”是为民学校传统的比赛项目,说明已经形成了固有的规则,所以作文在一定程度上是在探讨“规则”的问题,练习当下的“反腐”大潮,法律本身就是一个规则,而腐败者想尽办法逾越规则。所以说这道作文题时政性鲜明。(2)多向思维,全面立意。站在传统思维的角度,这道作文可以写“坚守规则”,从“互相抱住,转身换位”的角度思考,这道作文可以写“合作双赢”,也可以写“创新思维”,从“引发人们的争论”来看,还会出现更多的立意。(3)辩证思考,写出深刻。材料本身暗含思辨性。就规则而言,要不要突破?当然,好的思维值得提倡,错误的违反规则将会带来无穷的危害,所以说有些规则要突破,有些规则不能突破,需要根据具体情况而定。相对而言,2014年的课标卷作文还是比较容易的,最少不会出现审题偏差的问题。
二、六大变化归纳:
1.现代文阅读难度增加,首次出现理论在题内,现象在文外的考查形式;
2.文言文阅读的实词考查由单词变成了双词;
3.文言文首次出现了对于文言断句的考查;
4.名篇名句默写改变常态,形成在语境考查的格局;
5.成语题改变考查形式,由以往的辨析正误改为选词填空,难度降低;
6.图文转化题由以往的表文转化、图文转化、徽标解读变为框架图解读,难度增加。
总体而论,2014年的高考语文课标一卷保持了近年来命题的基本形式,在稳定大局的前提下做出调整,打破了以往年年相似,岁岁相同的状况,让课标卷的语文滋生了活力。
三、对于2015年高考语文课标一卷的思考。
2014年高考语文课标一卷的六大变化旨在告诉我们,语文试题的命制是动态的,我们在备考过程中要坚持以考纲为本,努力践行新课改理念,把重心放在提升学生的语文品质上,只有这样才能以不变应万变,充分提升学生的语文综合素养。
1、识记知识,落实基础。“名篇名句默写”连续多年做到不超越64篇必背内容目的在于强调基础知识的重要性,指引学生中学阶段必须积累考纲要求的名句名篇,努力做到会背、会写。2014年的语境考查旨在告诉我们,学生的名句背诵并不是简单地写字训练游戏,而是建立在理解文本含义基础上的识记,这种变化,有利于将中华文化的传统诗词素养落到实处,让诗词文化的崇高精神在学生的心灵深处生根发芽。
2、全面备考,不漏盲点。2014年的文言断句题为我们已经敲响了警钟。一个时期以来,高中师生为了应对高考,采取了“考什么讲什么,考什么学什么”的策略,对于考纲中列出的文言断句等不够重视,甚至于在备考过程中直接略去不讲,导致考生知识残缺,这一变化为我们敲响了警钟。
3、加强积累,培养素养。回观近年来的高考作文,大都停留在人文素养的层面,引导学生具有诚信、操守、品德等素养,目的在于构建学生优良的品德,和正确的精神价值观,所以学生在平时学习中除了积累必要的语文素材外,还得培养自己的精神,形成独立的人格和品性。
4、扎实学习,突破模式。语文是没有公式的学科,通过语文学习重在培养自我的感知能力、鉴赏能力、写作能力。传统语文学习中,许多老师针对诗歌鉴赏和语言运用总结出了所谓的“意境分析型”、“手法鉴赏型”等基本题型特征,进而构造出答题的模式。回顾2013到2014的考题,在设问方式上更加侧重考生的情感体验,旨在让考生真正走入文本。特别是2014年考卷的第一题,这种理论在题内,现象在文外的考查形式重在引导考生要学会用理论来解决实际问题,增强了语文学科的实用性。
事物是发展变化的,连续多年的一个模式,势必会将高考语文逼上绝境。2014年高考语文课标卷一在全国实施高考改革的时代大背景下,在诸多专家呼吁提升语文地位的极力鼓动下,迈出了可喜的一步,让我们看到语文试题的变化之美。在此呼吁我们的命题人胆子再大一些,努力突破固有的试卷模式,将众多的创新的题型引入试卷,激起多年来沉寂的死水,让真正的提升语文素养,发挥考生的思维能力落到实处。
就这些,望采纳
2014年高考英语试题及答案解析(新课标Ⅱ)
以下是为大家整理的关于2014年高考作文真题预测:攀登珠峰的人的文章,供广大考生查阅!!
仿真试题
阅读下面材料,根据要求作文。
一位攀登者和他的向导历经千辛万苦来到了世界之巅的珠穆朗玛峰,在此之前,世界上没有人到过这样的高度。
世界之巅与他们只有短短的两米,其中一个人只要向前跨几步就可以成为这个世界的第一,而这几步,对于谁来说都易如反掌。这时,这位从新西兰来的攀登者希拉里却将这个珍贵的机会让给了当地向导丹增。身居都市的希拉里知道这几步对于自己的意义,他的理想甚至是活着的希望就是能够第一个登上顶峰。但在巅峰前的几步,他战胜了自己的欲望,而把这个机会让给了身居此地的夏尔巴人,他认为只有和珠峰朝夕相处的夏尔巴人才有资格第一个登上珠峰。
要求:①选好角度,确定立意,自拟题目;②不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文;③不少于600字。
名师题解
这则材料,我们可以从以下几个角度进行分析。
角度一:尽管没有人要求希拉里让给丹增,但他还是做了,因为他认为“只有和珠峰朝夕相处的夏尔巴人才有资格第一个登上珠峰”,可见,他这一行为是战胜自己欲望之后的自觉行为,他战胜了自己的欲望,遵从了自己的内心,此时此刻,他的境界得以升华。所以,我们可以写“战胜欲望”、“遵从心灵”等话题。
选材小贴士:这个角度的素材相对而言比较好选,但还是避开人们过于熟悉的“屈原”、“李白”、“陶渊明”、“苏轼”等,他们已被考生们写得太多了,而是要尽可能选择那些比较新鲜的、不太为人熟知的素材。比如曾国藩在湘军全盛时期拒绝分裂中国,这个例子就不错。
角度二:丹增是个向导,在许多人的眼中,他只是个服务者,是个配角,但在希拉里的眼中,他却是一个与珠峰朝夕相处的人,希拉里此举,表达的是对珠峰及夏尔巴人的一种尊重。他将珠峰看作一个值得崇敬的生命,爱屋及乌,也因此而尊重与珠峰朝夕相处的人。他谦让的行为背后,是对自然、对他人的尊重。所以,我们可写“尊重”、“平等”等话题。
选材小贴士:在选择这类材料时,要注意不要把“尊重”、“平等”仅仅理解为人,应该把它放大到其他事物,比如自然、山河,只要把这些自然之物也看作一种生命,就会赋予它们同样的尊重,这样做可以让人类与自然的关系更加和谐。比如海子《面朝大海,春暖花开》中的诗句“给每一条河每一座山取一个温暖的名字/陌生人,我也为你祝福”,就体现了这种平等与尊重。
角度三:希拉里战胜了自己的欲望,突破了小我,突破了一己之私,达到了一种更高的境界,拥有了一种常人难以达到的气度。他的选择虽然在别人看来不可思议,但对于他自己,不是屈服于外来的压力,也不是矫揉造作的作秀,而是一种心灵的抉择——就如“孔子登东山而小鲁,登泰山而小天下”一样。所以可以写“决择”、“胸怀”、“境界”、“气度”等话题。
选材小贴士:同学们可以选择心灵升华的例子来使用,应该注意突出境界由小到大的突破过程,同时要写清这种由小到大的升华是如何进行的,是由哪些因素导致的。比如李煜,由帝王之贵而成亡国之君,痛苦的遭遇使其内心世界发生剧变,词风由开始的刻意雕琢,追求字句的精雕细琢到后期的追求境界的高新清丽,可以说是一次蜕变,所以王国维先生在《人间词话》中说“词至李后主而境界始大,遂变伶工之词为士大夫之词”,这就是一种境界的升华。
高分素材
素材一
2011年度茅盾文学奖前10名作者中,有8位是省级作协的主席、副主席。我们不否认这些带有官号的作协“主席”们在文学上的造诣,但是茅盾文学奖评的是文学,评的是艺术,评的不是作家的头衔和权力。而且,纵观以前的茅盾文学奖,就感觉是“铁打的营盘,流水的兵”,一批“官员作家”评上了,下一批“官员作家”等着上榜,这好像把“茅盾文学奖”变成一个涂红官员顶戴的染缸,跟老百姓喜欢的学者、作家越来越无缘了。
素材点拨:这个素材是一个现实性很强的反面素材,这里边存在的媚官媚权、沽名钓誉思想是可以批判的,为官者有权有位,于是想沾点“文化”的气息;而一些文化人又想用文学奖“慷他人之慨”,各取所需,皆大欢喜。只是文学气息却越来越少了。同学们可以用来批判“媚官”、“媚权”、“附庸风雅”等庸俗思想。
素材二
太伯是周部落首领周太王长子,为了顺从父亲传位给弟弟季历,从而再把王位传给孙子姬昌的旨意,与弟弟仲雍结伴到了陕西西部,建立起了吴文化的雏形——句吴。泰伯出亡后不久,其父病逝,他为尽孝道,回国奔丧。这时季历提出要让位予泰伯。泰伯坚决不受,季历不依。泰伯多次避让不成,只好又回到荆蛮吴部落中。后来,季历又派人让泰伯回北方当王,泰伯用对犯人的刑罚对自己施了一遍,笑着对来人说:“一个犯人怎能当王呢?”泰伯如此三让天下,连被称为圣人的孔子读到泰伯的故事也拍案惊呼。在他看来,泰伯的品德已达到了几乎不可逾越的境界
素材点拨:这则素材是一个正面的素材,适合用于“高洁”、“坚守自我”、“胸怀”、“气度”等话题,同时还可以顺便以孔子来烘托太伯的高贵人格,还可以联系后来周朝的壮大,这些都可以很好地突出太伯让天下的境界之高,以及让天下的意义与价值。
素材三
1864年,曾国藩攻破南京镇压太平天国后,一时威镇天下,功高盖主。因此不仅湘军部下曾国荃、彭玉麟等人密谋拥戴曾国藩自立,甚至太平天国将领李秀成等人也表示“愿以长江两岸数十万余部”拥戴曾国藩为帝,只要是建立的帝国是汉人自己的帝国。但曾国藩在深深的思考后,写下这句:倚天照海花无数,流水高山心自知。委婉地表明了自己无意自立的想法。
素材点拨:“倚天照海花无数”可以理解为身在高处,君临天下时,就会发现天下绚艳的花朵无尽无数,一如天下有很多人比我更出色。“流水高山心自知”,是说像流水一样,甘居下方,围绕高山曲延流淌,万世不变,波澜不惊。这则素材属于历史素材,体现出曾国藩面对帝位的巨大诱惑,克制住了自己的欲望,遵从了自己的本心,达到内圣外王的极高境界。
素材练兵
雪山般的情怀
河北唐山一中 刘鸣赫
珠穆朗玛,巍峨挺立,圣洁而崇高。人们记住了英国登山家罗伯特一句掷地有声的“因为山在那里”,记住了“藏族队”集体登临14座八千米山峰的传奇往事,更记住了希拉里登顶时克制私欲,彰显出的雪山般的情怀。
犹记得希拉里逝世时,新西兰举国悼念。所悼者不仅在于登临珠峰的伟业,更在于他一生淡泊名利的高尚品德。那是如冰雪般纯洁的心灵,是如山般伟岸的人格,那即是雪山般的情怀。
壁立千仞,无欲则刚。大凡争强好胜,数数然追名逐利者,有几人能不被时间的波涛冲洗得了无痕迹?拼搏不止并不难,难的是在义与利的抉择关口停下自己的步伐。面对自己曾苦心追逐的成功,面对一去将不返的机遇,谁能在义与利的天平上依然撤去关乎名利的砝码?只有情怀如雪山的君子,才能恪守住道义。以失去的利禄功名,换取人生千古的无悔。
在攀登人生的峰中,一段段往事为我们留下一个个伟岸的背影:历尽千辛万苦助齐桓公即位的鲍叔牙,将相位让给了贤才管仲;吴国的始祖太伯,为了将王位让给贤能的弟弟千里远遁,断发文身;东汉末年割据徐州的陶谦,屡次欲将自己的土地、军队让与刘备。相位也好,王位也罢,更多的是无数不择手段丧尽天良的谋夺。而这些高风亮节的礼让令一切利欲熏心者相形见绌。鲍叔、太伯、陶谦,是他们成就了齐侯首霸,凤鸣歧周和刘备的枭雄霸业。而当一切宏图伟业风流人物都归于沉寂后,他们雪山般的情怀却依然被人们传颂。名利终究会灰飞烟灭,只有崇高的道德才能照耀永恒。
追寻一方高远的净土,在此刻似乎不那么容易。据称珠峰早已受到人类活动的污染,那我们心灵高地又如何纯净?某知名文学奖项评审中,道貌岸然的官员们八仙过海各显神通,搅得铜臭熏天;各种争先争优评比中,面子工程和群众演员早已数见不鲜;象牙塔中的钻之弥坚,充斥着剪刀加糨糊式的批量生产。难道真是因为全球变暖,雪山情怀也将消融殆尽吗?呜呼哀哉!请留下一片高洁的净土吧,莫让我们的精神家园漂泊无依!
雪峰巍巍,千里冰洁。映一缕孤光,照我表里澄澈。仰止行止,铸我情怀如雪山。
评点
综观本文,其亮点有二:
1.素材丰富,古今对比。本文使用了大量鲍叔、太伯、陶谦等古代仁人贤士的例子,然后与当今“铜臭熏天”“媚官媚权”的文学奖、不顾民生的“面子工程”、“剪刀加糨糊”式的批量生产之类的人对比,突出了雪山般情怀被污染的后果,深刻地反映了主题,体现了作者的忧患意识,表现了一种现实主义的情怀。
2.双关化用,意蕴深远。文章第五段“据称珠峰早已受到人类活动的污染”一语双关,既指自然界中的污染,又指雪峰情怀被污染,所以后面写当今人们的种种丑态就显得非常自然了。结尾化用南宋词人张孝祥《念奴娇?过洞庭》中的“表里俱澄澈”、“孤光自照,肝胆皆冰雪”两句还有古语“高山仰止,景行行止”,富有文采同时意蕴深远。
2014福建高考数学试题难吗
以下是 为大家整理的关于2014年高考英语试题及答案解析(新课标Ⅱ)的文章,供广大考生查阅!!
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷
英 语
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束后,将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项:
1.答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案前,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上,否则无效。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从学科网每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.
A
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, zxxk Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. zxxk
Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.
That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A. Go shopping
B. Find a house
C. Join his family
D. Take his family
2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.
A. a friend of his family
B. a Sydney policeman
C. a letter in his papers
D. a stranger in Sydney
3. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Showed
B. Sent out
C. Delivered
D. Gave back
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. From India to Australia.
B. Living in a a New Country.
C. Turning Trash to Treasure.
D. In Search of New Friends. zxxk
B
Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .
Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .
Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .
5 According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___
A. the social movement
B. recycling techniqueszxxk
C. environmental problems
D. the importance of Earth Day
6 Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A. The grass –roots level
B. The business circle
C. Government officials
D. University professors
7. What have \Americans achieved in environmental protection ?
A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest
B. They have settled their environmental problems
C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures .
8. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?
A. Education
B. Planning
C. Green living
D. CO reduction
C
One of the latest trend(趋势) in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.
“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. zxxk
Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.
“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”
The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.
9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?
A. A mother raising her children on her own
B. A child learning a foreign language at home
C. A professor in language education of children
D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.
10. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.
A. to live in China some day
B. to speak the language at home
C. to catch up wit other children
D. to learn about the Chinese culture
11. What can we infer from the text?
A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,
B. Educated woman do better in looking after children
C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.
D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. zxxk
D
Metro Pocket Guide
Metrorail(地铁)
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer.
Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.
Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.
Hours of Service
Open: 5 a.m Mon-Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun .
Close midnight Sun—Thur.
Last train time vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.
Metrobus
When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTripa CARD the fare is $1.25
Fares for the Senior /disabled customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripa card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripR card and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100
Travel tips
. avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.
. if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.
12. what should you know about farecard machine?
A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.
B. They are connected to change machines.
C. They offer special service to the elderly.
D. They make change for no more than $5. zxxk
13. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?
A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m. C. at 5 am D. at 7 p.m.
14. What is good about a SmarTripa card?
A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users
C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet.
15. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?
A. 202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100
C.202-673-7000 D.202-673-8000
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, ____16__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_____17___
2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? ___18___ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3. ____19____ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start. ____20___ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A. Try new things. zxxk
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food better.
E. Cooking is a burden for many people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __21_____, but on their way back conditions were very _22______. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon __23_____ alone, he would probably get back _24______. But Simon decided to risk his __25_____ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).
As they __26_____ down, the weather got worse. Then another ___27____ occurred. They couldn’t see or hear each other and, ___28____, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was ___29____ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe’s __30_____ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. ___31____, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __32_____. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe __33_____ into a large crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn’t walk, but he __34_____ to get out of the crevasse and started to ___35____ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __36_____.
Simon had ___37____ the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be __38_____, but he didn’t want to leave ___39____. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’t ___40____ it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.
21.A. hurriedly B. carefully .C. successfully D. early
22. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal
23. A. climbed B. worked C. rested . D. continued zxxk
24. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully
25. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life
26. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked
27. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble
28. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by chance D. by luck
29. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible
30. A. height B. weight C. strength .D. equipment
31. A. Finally B. Patiently .C. Surely D. Quickly
32. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision .D. hold on
33. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed
34. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped
35. A. run B. skate C. move D. march
36. A. around B. away C. above D. along
37. A. headed for B. travelled C. left for D. returned to
38. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late
39. A. secretly B. tiredly .C. immediately D. anxiously
40. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept
.第二卷
第三部分 英语知识运用zxxk
第二节 (共10分;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41___ (be) late for school.
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__
(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____44___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ____45___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___
(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____48___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____49___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers _____(sudden) became friendly to one another.
第三部分:写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共
有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are threezxxk lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
第二节 书面表达 (25分)
一家英语报社向中学生征文,主题是“十年后的我”、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、
1、 家庭
2、 工作
3、 业余生活
注意:1、次数100左右;2、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3. 开头语已为你写好
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷
英 语
参考答案
1—5 BCCBC 6—10 ADADD 11—15 ADBBA 16—20 BGCAF
21—25 CADBD 26—30 CDADB 31—35 ACBAC 36—40 BDACB
41. being 42. and 43. disappointed 44. to 45. caught 46. to stop 47. riding
48.did 49. me/mine 50. suddenly
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lesson
There
in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.
don’t much
Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, zxxk we can do reading
for
for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.
hours
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers
looks
and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the
sit
lake listening∧ music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our
to helpful
teachers but also our friends. zxxk
五:one Possible Version
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.
1、2014年福建省高考数学科目考试内容:文科数学考试内容为《普通高中数学课程标准(实验)》的必修课程与选修课程系列1的内容。理科数学考试内容分为必考内容和选考内容。
2、必考内容为《普通高中数学课程标准(实验)》的必修课程和选修课程系列2的内容。
选考内容为《普通高中数学课程标准(实验)》的选修课程系列4的4-2《矩阵与变换》、4-4《坐标系与参数方程》、4-5《不等式选讲》等三个专题的内容。
3、 试卷结构:考试时间120分钟,考试方式为闭卷、笔试。全卷满分150分,考试不使用计算器。
理科数学试卷选择题共10题,每题5分,总共50分;填空题共5题,每题4分,共计20分;解答题共6题,其中必考题5题,选考题1题(包含3小题,每小题7分,考生从中任选2小题作答,满分14分),共计80分。
文科数学试卷选择题共12题,每题5分,共计60分;填空题共4题,每题4分,共计16分;解答题共6题,共计74分。
4、 试卷难度:整卷难度值应控制在0.6左右。试卷中各道试题的难度值一般控制在0.2~0.8之间,整份试卷中各种难度的试题得分数分布应当适当。
试卷应由容易题、中等题和难题组成。难度值在0.7以上的试题为容易题,难度值在0.4~0.7的试题为中等题,难度值在0.4以下的试题为难题。易、中、难试题的比例约为4:4:2,全卷难度控制在0.6左右。
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